Hollow fiber membranes provide a compelling strategy for water treatment applications due to their unique physical characteristics and exceptional efficacy. These cylindrical structures, composed of polymer materials, possess a large surface area to volume ratio, enabling efficient filtration of con

Wastewater treatment systems are facing increasing demands to successfully remove pollutants and create high-quality effluent. Traditional techniques often struggle in eliminating certain contaminants, leading to ecological concerns. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a innovative s